
{"id":8474,"date":"2022-08-03T10:22:39","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T14:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/?page_id=8474"},"modified":"2025-10-02T08:20:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T12:20:50","slug":"pfas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/","title":{"rendered":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mb-30 has-dark-blue-color has-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group container\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-dark-blue-color\">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)<\/h1><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group container\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns sidebar-column is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protecting Public Health is Our Top Priority<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tampa Bay Water\u2019s top priority is providing high-quality, clean, safe drinking water for our member governments \u2013 Hillsborough, Pasco and Pinellas counties, and the cities of New Port Richey, St. Petersburg and Tampa. The water we provide is safe and meets or is better than state and federal, health-based drinking water regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We understand PFAS are a concern for all communities, including here in Tampa Bay, and we want to help residents understand the facts about PFAS and how it affects Tampa Bay Water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What are per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PFAS are man-made compounds that have been widely used in the manufacturing of clothing, sealants and stains, furniture fabrics, Teflon\u2122-coated products, food packaging, and other materials since the 1940s. They are also used in firefighting foam, carpet manufacturing and other industrial processes. EPA is focused on a small number of these compounds that may have health effects at very low concentrations, two of which are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is not uncommon to find low levels of PFAS in drinking water sources as they are slow to break down when they enter our environment. When these products are used and discarded, they can release PFAS into the environment, including drinking water sources.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image caption-align-right pt-30\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Cycles-Infographic-20230321.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Cycles-Infographic-20230321.png 828w, https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Cycles-Infographic-20230321-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Cycles-Infographic-20230321-768x547.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Source:<\/strong> Water Research Foundation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find out more about PFAS from <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pfas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">EPA<\/a> and the <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/drinktap.org\/Water-Info\/Whats-in-My-Water\/Per-and-Polyfluoroalkyl-Substances\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">American Water Works Association<\/a> (AWWA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is EPA doing?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPA issued new regulations in April 2024 and modified regulations in May 2025. The regulation is 4.0 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOA and PFOS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In May 2025, EPA also stated its intent to extend the compliance deadline from 2029 to 2031, and rescind the regulations and reconsider regulatory determinations for perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPA continually studies unregulated contaminants &nbsp;to determine if there is new scientific data to support adding them to the list of regulated contaminants in drinking water. These studies are done through EPA\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/dwucmr\/learn-about-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule process<\/strong><\/a>. EPA is studying 29 PFAS in its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/dwucmr\/fifth-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\"><strong>fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;study between 2023 and 2025.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tampa Bay Water tested the regional drinking water supply for 29 PFAS, including six PFAS, alongside its member utilities, during EPA\u2019s nationwide study. Tampa Bay Water and five of its members began testing in July 2023. The City of Tampa began testing in January 2023. Testing required collecting samples for four consecutive quarters. <a class=\"ek-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/epa-study-results\/\">Click here for results<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learn More About Testing for PFAS.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/862507642?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How does this affect Tampa Bay Water?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PFAS do not originate in drinking water supplies, and Tampa Bay Water\u2019s raw&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/tampa-bay-regional-drinking-water-sources\"><strong>drinking water sources<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;are not located near known PFAS polluters. Tampa Bay Water tested the regional drinking water supply for PFAS, alongside its member utilities, during EPA\u2019s nationwide study. This study uses EPA\u2019s approved analytical methods that can detect PFAS in drinking water supplies at lower levels than previous studies. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/epa-study-results\/\">Click here for results<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As part of an ongoing effort to enhance water quality, Tampa Bay Water studied the effectiveness of treatment technologies to reduce total organic carbon; these technologies can also address PFAS and other constituents of emerging concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We will use EPA\u2019s final limits, data collected during the EPA study period, and the treatment framework from our water quality study to make prioritized treatment recommendations to our Board of Directors. If treatment is needed, we will use methods recognized by EPA as the most effective for treating PFAS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tampa Bay Water PFAS Litigation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tampa Bay Water joined a lawsuit against PFAS manufacturers, sellers and distributors to protect its members and their residents from potential financial impacts of removing PFAS from the drinking water sources and supply. We believe it\u2019s important to hold polluters responsible for these costs and not the residents of Tampa Bay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ninety percent of the settlement has been decided and totals $21.7 million for Tampa Bay Water. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/news\/tampa-bay-water-awarded-more-than-21-million-in-pfas-class-action-settlement\/\">news release<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An important step in this process was for the litigation team to test the region\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/tampa-bay-regional-drinking-water-sources\" class=\"ek-link\">drinking water sources<\/a> to determine if there are detectible levels of PFAS. Find those sampling results <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas\/litigation\" class=\"ek-link\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions about PFAS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">What are PFAS?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made compounds that include up to 5,000 chemicals. PFAS are man-made compounds that have been widely used in the manufacturing of clothing, sealants and stains, furniture fabrics, Teflon\u2122-coated products, food packaging, and other materials since the 1940s. They are also used in firefighting foam, carpet manufacturing and other industrial processes.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"602\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Products-Wheel-1.png\" alt=\"Products that contain PFAS: Stain resistant products; firefighting foams; microwave popcorn bags; eye makeup; pizza boxes; paints, sealants and varnishes; cleaning products; nail polish; dental floss; non-stick cookware; water resistent clothing; shampoo; candy wrappers; fast food packaging and wrappers; pesticides.\" class=\"wp-image-8607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Products-Wheel-1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Products-Wheel-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Products-Wheel-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find out more about PFAS from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pfas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">EPA<\/a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/drinktap.org\/Water-Info\/Whats-in-My-Water\/Per-and-Polyfluoroalkyl-Substances\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">American Water Works Association&nbsp;(AWWA)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">Are PFAS regulated?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPA is responsible for regulating drinking water. EPA issued new regulations in April 2024 and modified regulations in May 2025. The regulation is 4.0 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOA and PFOS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In May 2025, EPA also stated its intent to extend the compliance deadline from 2029 to 2031, and rescind the regulations and reconsider regulatory determinations for perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How much is a part per trillion? One ppt is roughly the equivalent to one drop of water in 20 Olympic-sized swimming pools or one second in 32,000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Pool-Infographic-2.png\" alt=\"One part per trillion is roughly the equivalent to one drop of water in 20 Olympic-sized pools or one second in 31.7 million years.\" class=\"wp-image-8597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Pool-Infographic-2.png 600w, https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Pool-Infographic-2-286x300.png 286w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPA continually studies unregulated contaminants &nbsp;to determine if there is new scientific data to support adding them to the list of regulated contaminants in drinking water. These studies are done through EPA\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/dwucmr\/fifth-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule process<\/strong><\/a>. EPA is studying 29 PFAS in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/dwucmr\/fifth-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule<\/strong><\/a> study between 2023 and 2025.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">What is a Health Advisory Level?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Health Advisory Levels provide information on contaminants that may cause human health effects and are known or anticipated to be present in drinking water. A Health Advisory Level is the minimum concentration of a compound which may present health risks to an individual over a lifetime of exposure. Because the health effects associated with long-term exposure to a compound may be uncertain, EPA tends to set lower target levels when they issue Health Advisory Levels. Sometimes, the advisory is lower than what current analytical methods can detect. EPA also considers exposure to PFAS beyond drinking water (food, air, consumer products, etc.) when setting Health Advisory Levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPA\u2019s Health Advisory Levels are not regulatory limits. The levels provide technical information to state agencies and other public health officials on health effects, analytical methodologies and treatment technologies associated with drinking water contamination. EPA\u2019s Health Advisory Levels for PFOA and PFOS offers a margin of protection for all Americans throughout their lives from adverse health effects resulting from exposure to PFOA and PFOS in drinking water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Health Advisory Levels are used with other factors to develop EPA\u2019s regulated Maximum Contaminant Levels.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">What are EPA\u2019s Health Advisory Levels for PFAS?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPA first issued a Health Advisory Level for PFAS in 2016 at 70 parts per trillion (ppt). Because of further research and as EPA determines its regulatory approach, EPA issued a lower Health Advisory Level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In June 2022, EPA set updated interim Health Advisory Levels at 0.004 ppt for PFOA and 0.02 ppt for PFOS. These are microscopic levels, and trace amounts. For perspective, one ppt is equal to one drop of water in 20 Olympic-size swimming pools or one second in 32,000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s important to note that these Health Advisory Levels are below the reliable detection capability of current scientific equipment. To put this in context, scientists can currently detect PFAS compounds at two ppt.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">What is a Maximum Contaminant Level?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maximum Contaminant Levels are regulated and enforceable, and is a standard established by EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act. It represents an acceptable level of a chemical under specified conditions that ensures the safety of a public drinking water supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPA regularly monitors and evaluates water quality data and human health effects studies involving unregulated contaminants to establish Maximum Contaminant Levels. This process is called the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/dwucmr\/fifth-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">How can we reduce exposure to PFAS?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PFAS exposure can vary depending on your local environment, but you can take steps to reduce your exposure to PFAS. You can identify PFAS in products by looking at ingredient lists for \u201cfluoro\u201d or \u201cperfluoro.\u201d Choosing products that do not have PFAS can require some research, but it is an effective way to reduce your exposure. It can also mean giving up some product features such as \u201cnon-stick,\u201d or \u201cwater- or stain-resistant.\u201d Consider replacing older and worn-out products with these features to reduce your exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-can-i-do\">What You Can Do<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avoid buying non-stick cookware, stain-resistant furniture and carpeting that contains PFAS. Finding PFAS-free products can take some research \u2013 look at ingredient lists for \u201cfluoro\u201d or \u201cperfluoro\u201d or ask the manufacturer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limit eating foods packed in materials that use PFAS. Common food packaging that may have PFAS includes microwave popcorn bags, fast food boxes (like french fry containers and pizza boxes) and bakery bags.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimize the dust in your home to limit PFAS particles in the air. Change air filters on a regular basis and leave your shoes at the door to avoid tracking in dirt and pollutants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid personal care products that contain PFAS. These include certain types of dental floss, nail polish, facial moisturizers and cosmetics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/pfascentral.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">PFASCentral.org<\/a>&nbsp;for a list of manufacturers and retailers that have taken steps to remove PFAS chemicals from their products.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"make-your-voice-heard\">Make Your Voice Heard<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can make your voice heard about PFAS in several ways. Expressing concern to your legislators can help bring greater attention to the issue. This can potentially help stop the production of PFAS locally and nationally, prevent the sale of products that have PFAS, strengthen regulatory actions taken to control PFAS and increase funding for water utilities to remove PFAS from drinking water. You can&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/members\/find-your-member\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">find your congressional representatives here.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">How can PFAS get into drinking water?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PFAS do not originate in drinking water. PFAS are slow to break down in the environment and can move far from their original use areas. The manufacturing, use and discarding of these products put PFAS into the environment, where, over time, they may end up in untreated drinking water sources. When spilled into lakes or rivers used as sources of drinking water, they can get into drinking water supplies. PFAS in the air can also end up in rivers and lakes used for drinking water.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">Is Tampa Bay Water in litigation with manufacturers of PFAS? Does that mean there are PFAS in our drinking water?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tampa Bay Water joined a lawsuit against PFAS manufacturers, sellers and distributors to protect its members and their residents from potential financial impacts of removing PFAS from the drinking water sources and supply. We believe it\u2019s important to hold polluters responsible for these costs and not the residents of Tampa Bay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ninety percent of the settlement has been decided and totals $21.7 million for Tampa Bay Water. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/news\/tampa-bay-water-awarded-more-than-21-million-in-pfas-class-action-settlement\/\">news release<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">I get my tap water from a private well. How can I find out if PFAS are in my water?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are concerned about the possibility of PFAS in your drinking water and you are served by a private well, EPA recommends testing your drinking water. Laboratory analysis is necessary to determine if your water contains PFAS chemicals. Qualified testing labs can analyze a sample of your water to determine whether PFAS are present and at what concentrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some locations, regulators or manufacturers of PFAS have set up programs to measure PFAS in groundwater. Your local water or health department or drinking water system should know if there is such a program in your area. In addition, EPA recommends that residents reach out to their local public health department, state, or responsible party, who may be able to help provide support for testing. If no program has been established or support is not available in your area, you can pay to have independent testing done at a qualified testing lab. The typical cost at a qualified testing lab is several hundred dollars per sample.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">Where can I find more information?<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pfas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">EPA<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/drinktap.org\/Water-Info\/Whats-in-My-Water\/Per-and-Polyfluoroalkyl-Substances\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">AWWA<\/a> offer additional information on PFAS.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"sidebar-menu\">\n\t<nav 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and...","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":8416,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":9,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8474","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) - Tampa Bay Water<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made compounds that include up to 5,000 chemicals. Since the 1940s, PFAS compounds have been widely used in the manufacturing of carpets, clothing, fabrics for furniture, paper packaging for food, and other materials including Teflon-coated products. They are also used in firefighting foam and in industrial processes. The EPA is focused on a small number of these compounds that may have health effects at very low concentrations, two of which are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) - Tampa Bay Water\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made compounds that include up to 5,000 chemicals. Since the 1940s, PFAS compounds have been widely used in the manufacturing of carpets, clothing, fabrics for furniture, paper packaging for food, and other materials including Teflon-coated products. They are also used in firefighting foam and in industrial processes. The EPA is focused on a small number of these compounds that may have health effects at very low concentrations, two of which are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tampa Bay Water\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-02T12:20:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Cycles-Infographic-20230321.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/\",\"name\":\"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) - Tampa Bay Water\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Cycles-Infographic-20230321.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-03T14:22:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-02T12:20:50+00:00\",\"description\":\"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made compounds that include up to 5,000 chemicals. Since the 1940s, PFAS compounds have been widely used in the manufacturing of carpets, clothing, fabrics for furniture, paper packaging for food, and other materials including Teflon-coated products. They are also used in firefighting foam and in industrial processes. The EPA is focused on a small number of these compounds that may have health effects at very low concentrations, two of which are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Cycles-Infographic-20230321.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/PFAS-Cycles-Infographic-20230321.png\",\"width\":828,\"height\":590,\"caption\":\"Infographic flow chart showing how PFAS get into the envrionment and our bodies. At top: PFOA, PFOS and GenX molecules. Text: PFOA and PFOS are two of the most well-known and studied PFAS. Though production stopped in 2000, they are still found in our environment. Newer PFAS, like \u201cGenX,\u201d are now used in their place.. Down left side: We swallow, inhale, or rub PFAS into our skin by using certain products, eating or drinking impacted food and water, and breathing in the dust in our homes. PFAS build up in the human body over time. Scientists are still studying the health effects of PFAS. Down right side: PFAS are slow to break down in the environment and can move far from their original use areas. The manufacturing, use and discarding of these products put PFAS into the environment, where, over time, they may end up in untreated drinking water sources. PFAS do not break down naturally and build up in the environment over time. Cycle at bottom shows PFAS flowing to the body from the environment through drinking water, food and air, and from the body to the environment through waste and wastewater. Text: PFAS can enter the environment as we throw away products that have PFAS, and through our own bodily waste. Resources we use from the environment - drinking water, food, air - are more likely to have higher levels of PFAS over time.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/pfas\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Regional Water Quality\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/tampa-bay-region-drinking-water-quality\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Water Quality Concerns\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/quality\/water-quality-concerns\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/\",\"name\":\"Tampa Bay Water\",\"description\":\"Supplying Water to the Region\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.tampabaywater.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) - Tampa Bay Water","description":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made compounds that include up to 5,000 chemicals. 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